tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11982380826401027982024-03-04T22:54:11.398-08:00AstronomydrawingsAstronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.comBlogger209125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-83713975307857194752021-07-12T03:33:00.005-07:002021-07-12T04:32:13.697-07:00Pluto<p>It's been a while, I know. Unfortunately, other priorities keep me
from being more active with my blog and especially from making more
sketches. Don't worry, though, because I'm still out under the stars
regularly with my bino. Actually, I'm even playing with the idea of
founding a public observatory some day... when Covid will be behind us
(let's stay optimistic).</p>
<p></p>
<p>Anyway, there's one object for which I wanted to make an exception,
and that's Pluto. Long thought to be a planet, it was eventually declassified to dwarf planet status in 2007. Not really surprising if you consider that Pluto's a piece of rock and ice much smaller than our own Moon (diameter 2,373km vs. 3,474km) which is only half as wide as the U.S.! It still is the biggest of the dwarf planets known to date, beating Eris by about 50km, but it is far smaller than any real planet. Even Mercury measures 4,874km and weighs in at 0.055 Earth Masses whereas Pluto only weighs a scant 0.0022 Earth Masses. Or in other words, tiny Mercury weighs 25 times as much as Pluto! What's more, Pluto is so far away from us that even light, with its formidable speed, needs more than six hours to travel to it! Sorry, dear astrology-frauds, but you're making yourself ridiculous if you still want anyone to believe that this little piece of rock has a bearing on our lives or personalities. </p><p>And yet, how insignificant as it may seem, Pluto turned out to be a most fascinating world when NASA's New Horizons space probe zoomed past it in 2015. It features mountains as high as the Alps covered in snow (something not seen on any other celestial body in our Solar System so far), gigantic glaciers and a very thin but blue atmosphere. Actually, most of the snow on Pluto is... red, due to its unique chemical composition. Methane and Nitrogen combined into so-called <i>Tholins</i>, organic micromolecules that may be essential building blocks for life! Now it is very improbable that Pluto harbours any lifeforms because it simply is far too cold (up to -240°C), but the abundant presence of these complex molecules is astonishing in itself. Observations also reveal the likely presence of geysers and volcanoes. In any case, the surface of Pluto contains only very few impact craters, suggesting that it is very young and geologically active.<br /></p><p>Another oddity about Pluto is its biggest of five moons, Charon, which is half as big as Pluto itself. No other moon in our Solar System is so big compared to its (dwarf) planet. Also Charon exhibits likely geysers and the same reddish deposits as Pluto on its polar caps which were blown off the dwarf planet's atmosphere, traveled 19,000km through space and settled on Charon. <br /></p><p>As much as Pluto may stir the imagination of every astornomy enthusiast, observing it will always be disappointing since it merely shows itself as a tiny, 14th magnitude star in our skies. This means that you need a sizeable telescope to see it, and... you need to know exactly which of the hundreds of tiny little stars in the field of view is Pluto. Last Friday, however, I got lucky. The infamous dwarf planet was close to an
asterism in an otherwise poor star field, which would allow me to identify it easily, and so it turned
out. Actualy, it was the first time in my life that I've observed it
with absolute certainty! Sky conditions were not bad, but not
exceptional either. </p><p>Deep down I hoped to also be able to make out
Charon, which would theoretically be possible with mag. 16 and 0.8"
distance from Pluto, but unfortunately I wasn't able to. Perhaps under a
perfect sky... one day?</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcp21hlCF2HQ1sLabbHT9AxL-JjUxFIrrgnFW49_D1OIdCMWD_iRickS_XHAQkq0ebGXS-sqE9zvuOSrcyMjGFJ2wmdsB2SNW35C4JO_52HPbgMqbIL2Fxlr9wNlIXOoU5R7j7M8zk5LKM/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcp21hlCF2HQ1sLabbHT9AxL-JjUxFIrrgnFW49_D1OIdCMWD_iRickS_XHAQkq0ebGXS-sqE9zvuOSrcyMjGFJ2wmdsB2SNW35C4JO_52HPbgMqbIL2Fxlr9wNlIXOoU5R7j7M8zk5LKM/w640-h640/Pluto+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><br /><br /> <p></p><p> </p>Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-5426057020200227182019-08-19T05:50:00.000-07:002019-08-19T05:50:02.494-07:00NGC6645: the ring cluster<div style="text-align: justify;">
Open star clusters are usually more or less ball-shaped with a dense nucleus and peripheral stars scattered around it. Obviously their shape derives from the shape of the gaseous cloud from which they emerged and over time the force of gravity of our galaxy slowly tears them apart, sending the member stars on their lonely journey through adulthood. There are of course several exceptions and I refer to my sketch of <a href="https://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2018/10/berkeley-4-and-open-cluster-sketching.html" target="_blank">Berkeley 4</a> to show you just one of many examples. But even in this case the stars appear merely "smeared out", which can be explained fairly easily with gravity. </div>
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NGC6645's annular shape, on the other hand, is much more difficult to explain. It gets even more complicated when analysis of 72 of its member stars revealed that this cluster has an age of some 9.7 billion years! Most star clusters don't survive for more than a few hundred thousand up to a billion years, especially when they reside in the gravitational plane of our galaxy. </div>
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Whatever the mechanics behind it, this particular cluster is one of my all-time favourites, not just because of its appearance but also because of its richness and countless starry filaments. I hope that my sketch transmits the emotions it gives me every time I point my telescope at it.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVfKCx_DyeL1Iios-6zTU4KuFQahZfMdRD1hUyGOJkyhPP_03oJ6sWAe_JzXPT0GZIVviL6RxPtxskOOtuCxzb9YtO8ObIAAiRnT_g8QH1_DJZqo1iO3ddvr5GtpW7bPpXHYIwjpY1xI00/s1600/NGC6645+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVfKCx_DyeL1Iios-6zTU4KuFQahZfMdRD1hUyGOJkyhPP_03oJ6sWAe_JzXPT0GZIVviL6RxPtxskOOtuCxzb9YtO8ObIAAiRnT_g8QH1_DJZqo1iO3ddvr5GtpW7bPpXHYIwjpY1xI00/s640/NGC6645+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-25775757298835905162019-06-09T08:00:00.001-07:002019-06-09T08:00:58.988-07:00NGC6543: The Eye of the Cat<div style="text-align: justify;">
For many months observing the night's sky has been somewhat frustrating for me. Unstable air currents kept sweeping over Northern Italy and therefore I was compelled to use low power only. It got so bad that stars looked like little balls, rather than points and it became even hard to resolve the cores of globular clusters. Finally, over a week ago, the sky settled down and I was again able to enjoy the full capabilities of the binoscope. </div>
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This time, I pointed it at the famous "Cat's Eye Nebula", scientifically denominated NGC6543. It's an object that brings back fond memories because it was the first of the "more awkward NGCs" I've ever observed. My first telescope was a modest 60mm refractor and straying off the obvious Messiers seemed almost impossible, especially under my hopelessly light-polluted Flemish sky. The "NGCs", apart from a few exceptions such as the <a href="https://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2016/01/ngc869-884-sparkling-double-cluster-in.html" target="_blank">Double Cluster</a> in Perseus, were the realm of serious telescopes and I was told not to even try because deemed too difficult; prone to certain disappointment. </div>
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Now I had this poster of a star map hanging above my bed, which was a source of infinite fascination. For hours I could stare at those stars and the various objects that were highlighted on it. And right there it was, in the constellation of Draco, the dragon: a planetary nebula named "NGC6543". It probably was the sequence of decreasing numbers that caught my attention and I simply couldn't resist. The next clear night I got the telescope out and started searching, hopping from one little star on the map to the next until I should've arrived at the right spot, high in the sky. And there it was! It was tiny, incredibly so, but it was clearly not a star. It was a very small nebula and it stood out wonderfully in the scarcely populated star field. Imagine how proud I was to have risen to the challenge and have tried the "impossible". Also my friends at the Antwerp Observatory were seriously impressed and for me it was also a very important lesson: never give up before you've even started. </div>
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Now, thirty-five years later, this discovery's still very much a part of me and pushes me to hunt for objects that are <i>really</i> considered impossible for humble amateur telescopes. In the meantime, please enjoy this sketch of the Cat's Eye, made with the binoscope at 507x. Gaseous filaments are blown away by the scorching stellar wind of the dying white dwarf star from which they originated, at a speed of 1,900 km/s! X-ray observations revealed that some gaseous filaments reach temperatures of even 1.7 million degrees due to the violent interaction with this stellar wind, which has cleared out the inner bubble of the nebula. The very complex structures around it are still not well understood and may also be caused by a small and still undiscovered companion star. The central star, of which only the core is left (surface temperature 80,000°C!) is about 10,000 times as luminous as our Sun, but will soon start to fade. The overall age of the nebula is estimated at about a thousand years, still pretty young, and will completely dissipate into space within the next 10,000 to 15,000 years. </div>
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The distance of this nebula is estimated to be more or less 3,000 light years.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-AbtwNWCzQz5VgOydB4ya8UcVSPkETpbTmBMq-iVvZvihNBoHJfk9E_lioZ1MWzEAMN0Gl0cgkpWfi41eyayTTMP_hWSgYgyaPNj-buyB0pxTz05Q3-NosjD2P0aLAtPaN2JgTm9KlikB/s1600/NGC6543+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-AbtwNWCzQz5VgOydB4ya8UcVSPkETpbTmBMq-iVvZvihNBoHJfk9E_lioZ1MWzEAMN0Gl0cgkpWfi41eyayTTMP_hWSgYgyaPNj-buyB0pxTz05Q3-NosjD2P0aLAtPaN2JgTm9KlikB/s640/NGC6543+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-34234874454120244622019-04-28T05:15:00.005-07:002019-04-28T05:15:45.477-07:00NGC4565: the Needle Galaxy<div style="text-align: justify;">
Yes, I know that I've been neglecting my blog recently. My sincere apologies for that. I hope that you understand that I want to enjoy my telescope a bit more instead of getting stressed all the time about making sketches. Loyal readers will know that I spend many hours on each drawing and it was getting a bit too much. </div>
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But here I am again with an image I absolutely wanted to share: the magnificent Needle Galaxy, one of my personal favourites.</div>
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It is one of spring's highlights because it's so large and bright and because we see it almost perfectly edge-on, which always makes a galaxy look a bit more special. Other noteworthy examples are <a href="https://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2017/04/a-weird-sombrero.html" target="_blank">M104</a> and <a href="https://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2017/01/razor-sharp.html" target="_blank">NGC891</a>. A prominent dust lane, situated at the galaxy's edge, appears to cut across the nucleus and divide it in two nearly identical halves. Many books on astronomy use an image of this galaxy as it is generally assumed that our own galaxy looks very much like it when seen from this angle. That being said, the "Needle" is much larger, almost twice the diameter of our Milky Way! </div>
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Distance measurements vary greatly, from 30 to even 50 million light-years, with an average of 39 million. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK5b3OxBGxGVFw-6OXS1YXaDSBj05D7qRRbPbDOS4bta3f3-6SIBNXNmz190wXT_lPOfvEsA2H6mCHhivS7_h6Cvc4pGO2hkVnw9JTA2hJxuD28w6U_cZIe2GB8kqSVho81getEKV6AdEW/s1600/NGC4565+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK5b3OxBGxGVFw-6OXS1YXaDSBj05D7qRRbPbDOS4bta3f3-6SIBNXNmz190wXT_lPOfvEsA2H6mCHhivS7_h6Cvc4pGO2hkVnw9JTA2hJxuD28w6U_cZIe2GB8kqSVho81getEKV6AdEW/s640/NGC4565+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-58100586762626141152018-11-21T05:43:00.000-08:002018-12-20T01:14:00.250-08:00The binocular summation factor<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">A
lot of ink has already been spent on this subject since many
astronomy enthusiasts are wondering what the actual gain is observing
with both eyes instead of only one. Let me begin by saying that this
whole discussion is fairly pointless because observing with both eyes
is a completely different experience than observing with only one.
The feeling of total immersion that not even a 150° eyepiece can
ever offer, the strange 3D-effect, the joy and relaxation of using
both eyes… Personally, even if there were no light gathering gain
at all I’d opt for a binoscope, regardless the expense. On the
other hand there are people who’re having difficulties observing
with both eyes. And finally there’s the big unknown factor: the
human brain, which is both unpredictable and personal. </span>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">So
what’s the use of me writing this article? Because we astronomy
enthusiasts have the unstoppable need to quantify everything. How
much more can you see with a 14” telescope compared to a 10”? How
does a refractor compare to a Newtonian (please, no, not again…)?
Or… how much more can you see with both eyes? So here I go…
explaining my 2 cents on this, for what they’re worth.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"><b>The misconception</b></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">Unfortunately
very little real scientific study, if any at all, has been carried
out to shed some light here. That is to say, a study that has been
performed from an astronomical and not a medical point of view. Back
in 1965, Campbell and Green published their renowned study in which
they concluded that detection improves by a factor of 1.41 (√2)
when using both eyes instead of only one. This figure has since also
been adopted by part of the astronomical community. A factor of 1.41,
or an actual detection gain of 41%, implies a telescope diameter gain
of 19%. In other words, an 18" binoscope would be more or less
equal to a 21" monocular telescope. Given that it is generally
considered that you need at least a 30% increase in aperture (or 14%
in diameter) to get any visible difference at the eyepiece, the <i>real
</i>detection gain between an 18" mono or an 18" bino would
be marginal and hence not worth the expense. Compare it to a C8 vs. a C9.25. The awe that one
experiences when observing with a binoscope would therefore merely be
an illusion, created by the larger <i>perceived </i>field of view and
the beguiling 3D-effect. </span>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">But
is this really so?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">After
having observed with a big binoscope for 2 years and a half and
having done direct comparisons between mono and bino several times
during every observing night (a binoscope is put in focus one
eyepiece at a time), I daresay that all of this is pure nonsense.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">First
of all, the Campbell and Green study was a medical study, not an
astronomical one, and it was intended for "normal" eye use.
Citing it for binocular detection under astronomical conditions is
therefore absurd, to say the least. Pirenne already concluded in 1949
that there is no such thing as a single binocular summation factor,
but that binocular summation greatly increases with deteriorating
conditions. The darker it gets, the better you see with both eyes.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">I’ve
also read an article of someone who claims to have performed a
limiting magnitude test with a pair of binoculars and found an actual
detection gain of 0.2 magnitudes. This is , if you ask me, a very
dubious statement because there is no clarification as regards to the
method, nor the reference stars used. An 18” telescope has a
theoretical magnitude limit of 17. A 25” (twice the aperture) has a
limit of 17.7. Therefore, if you’re going to do such a test with an
18” binoscope, you need a field of view which contains stars of
mag. 17, 17.1, 17.2 and so on. You also need a perfect sky with a
perfect atmosphere. When sky conditions are less than perfect, or
worse, average, the limiting magnitude difference diminishes somewhat
due to a brighter background and hence reduced contrast. So what is
the <i>real </i><span style="font-style: normal;">difference between
an 18” and a 25” under a certain sky? You’d have to put both
telescopes next to each other in order to find out and point to a
star field which contains the right reference stars with the right
magnitudes. And even then, w</span>e all know how tricky limiting
magnitude tests can be with the naked eye, let alone with a
telescope, or two scopes with a different exit pupil.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"> </span>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">What
I can already state with great certainty, is that when closing one
eye many of the fainter stars simply disappear, or become very hard
to see. I’ll also give an example in my observation of M76 (see
below).</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"><b>What
does real science tell us? </b></span>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">-
The extent of summation depends on stimulus contrast and duration
(Bearse and Freeman, 1994)</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">-
There is significant summation at low contrast (Banton and Levi,
1991)</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">-
At low contrast, the level of summation is greater than could be
expected by probability summation alone (Simmons and Kingdom, 1988)</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">-
Summation depends on the complexity of the task, with simple tasks
(detection) displaying far greater summation than complicated ones
(pattern recognition) (Frisen and Lindblom, 1988)</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">Here’s
the link to the article where I got this information and which also
contains the links to the various studies I mentioned:</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698901001912#BIB5">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698901001912#BIB5</a></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">When
you read them more carefully, you come to the conclusion that there’s
still a great deal of uncertainty about the extent of binocular
summation. Still, these studies lead
us to believe that the binocular summation factor in the total dark
(greatly) exceeds the 1.41 factor under "normal"
conditions.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"><b>What
does experience in the field tell us?</b></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">Drop
a binoscope at a star party and see where all the people are
flocking.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">Seriously
though. I've made a few direct comparisons between my 18"
binoscope and big monoscopes. On the picture below you can see the
18" bino with in the background two high-quality 20"
scopes, one of which was an f/5, coincidentally the same focal ratio
as the bino. According to the 1.41 theory, these scopes should yield
more or less similar performances. In reality, however, the 20"
were no match at all for the binoscope, which brought out details in
faint objects which you could only dream of in the monocular
telescopes. This was confirmed by all present (about 20 people - all
experienced observers).</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26_Fanxt5-hmZy-7Jg1CINPay31fW66dXVBVh-XTK6IbdR0YKhUkG4ywnBuaguIRwkfw62i_zThUV93XTfDIXSU9P1R6V7qE8K2ILbJKoiMf05q6IrGaIzKZ3xcVsJkLPTHiSRT7tvxQW/s1600/20160729_200626.jpg">
<img align="bottom" border="0" height="360" name="Image1" 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" width="640" />
</a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26_Fanxt5-hmZy-7Jg1CINPay31fW66dXVBVh-XTK6IbdR0YKhUkG4ywnBuaguIRwkfw62i_zThUV93XTfDIXSU9P1R6V7qE8K2ILbJKoiMf05q6IrGaIzKZ3xcVsJkLPTHiSRT7tvxQW/s1600/20160729_200626.jpg"> </a></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">I've
also had the opportunity to compare the 18" bino to a 27"
mono and this turned out to be a clash between more or less equals in
terms of light gathering power and the perception of detail.
Elaborating on this experience would be inappropriate, however,
because there were no neutral observers present.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">I’d
also like to add some notes about a very intensive comparison I've made
on various objects, observing with both and with only one eye. These
observations were done by <b>me</b><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
with </span><b>my</b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> eyes and with
</span><b>my </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">sky conditions. I
do not wish to generalise these results in any way but suppose that
they give an </span><b>indication</b><span style="font-weight: normal;">
of what one might expect. </span></span>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in; page-break-before: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Overall,
a nice way of putting it is that with binocular vision I can easily
see with direct vision what I can only perceive with averted vision
in mono. </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">Closing one eye,
not only a nebulous object becomes fainter and loses detail, but
several faint stars disappear as well or become hard to see.</span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">NGC246 (104x with OIII
filters): In mono the nebula shows an opening towards the
south-east. With both eyes, the nebula not only becomes
significantly brighter, but the opening fills with nebulosity,
making the overall aspect of the nebula decisively round.</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">N</span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">GC7009
(285x without filters): In mono the </span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"><i>ansae</i></span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">
are faintly visible. In bino they </span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">become
evident and even show hint of detail. The internal structures of the
nebula look much more pronounced and the overall blue-greenish hue
becomes striking. A noteworthy difference.</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">NGC604 (285x without
filters): In mono there were maybe three or four stars within the
nebula that could be identified with absolute certainty. In bino an
entire cluster appeared.</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">NGC1491 (104x with OIII
filters): The difference was not that large, in a sense that what
was there in bino was also there in mono, albeit fainter and with
averted vision.</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">M76 (285x without filters):
Here’s an interesting observation. In bino I noticed a tiny little
star in the northern arch of the eastern wing, </span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">next
to the more obvious mag. 14 star</span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">.
It was there and easily visible, also with direct vision. When I
close</span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">d</span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">
one eye it simply disappeared. Well, I still thought I saw it but am
pretty sure that this was an illusion because I had just seen it
with both eyes open. After taking some time with one eye closed,
looking around and then trying to spot it again, I couldn’t see
it. </span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">Also the mag. 14
star was difficult with one eye, by the way.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">Coordinates:
</span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">01423079 +5134386</span><span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">,
mag. 15.264 </span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">I'd
like to present this sketch which is a direct comparison between mono
and bino of planetary nebula NGC1501, just to give you an idea:</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRLIrDJX4mLEySUm8rdvR2tE9w2oD-wwrQDLCFwK1dfsYmaf9JwDqU7LW1gKBq3EXRs6fAUsHyq0W2D7nfA6ntBRYIeW3jG5AldstnnkztD3Vw8cP0eReRpn_5WIjS6bfRrfDinPY-xe7Y/s1600/NGC1501+%2528binoscope%2529.png">
<img align="bottom" border="0" height="310" name="Image3" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="640" />
</a>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"><b>Conclusion?</b></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">Over
time I've grown to the conviction that detection with a binoscope
increases by a factor nearing 2, or an aperture increase of 41%.
Hence an 18" bino would have the light gathering power of a 25"
mono. It's difficult to put a real number on it because the binoscope
offers vastly enhanced contrast, whereas the bigger monocular scope
offers better resolution (but suffers more from bad seeing). It may
even be possible that this factor increases somewhat <i>beyond </i>a
factor of 2 because, when observing at the limit as we astronomers
do, it is far less likely that a "false" light signal is
accepted as "true" by both eyes simultaneously.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">This
figure should not be taken as an absolute. I’m not a scientist, nor
do I wish to present my findings as a general guideline. It’s just
an impression after years of experience with making direct
comparisons and hearing comments from people who’ve actually
observed with binoscopes. </span>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"><b>Surface
brightness</b></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">It
may be that a binoscope brings objects with an extremely low surface
brightness within reach, which remain impossible with any telescope,
not even a 30”. An 18” binoscope offers the <i>theoretical</i>
light gathering power of a 25” mono but with the exit pupil of an
18”. This means that with an 18” binoscope you can go as low as
65x and still retain a 7mm exit pupil. With a 30” scope, you’re
limited at 108x. Therefore it may be possible that very large and
extremely faint objects are visible in the 18” bino and not even in
a 30”! With my bino I’ve observed planetary nebula
Purgathofer-Weinberger 1, under an SQM20.9 sky. I’m not sure
whether this would be possible with monocular telescopes… It’s
probably an interesting point for discussion. </span>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"><b>Making
binoscopes… or not?</b></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">But
if all of this is true, why aren't there more big binoscopes around?
Why is there only one manufacturer left (for as far as I know
and apart from a few home-builders) that offers them commercially?
The answer's very simple: it's not about cost as such because, even
though the expense for a quality bino's significant, my binoscope
cost me less than a 25" Obsession. The real problem is that a
big binoscope's awefully difficult to make. Alignment needs to be
precise up to a nanometer and stability needs to be such that both
tubes remain absolutely motionless regards to one another, no matter
how you move the scope. Every single binoscope is a new adventure in
which you're never sure which problems may arise. Even with all of
his experience, Mr. Otte spent 15 months building mine whereas he had
stated 3-4 months initially. Furthermore, big binoscopes are
incredibly bulky (mine's 145cm wide and weighs in at about 150kg) and
are impossible to assemble by yourself, whereas you can easily assemble a
25" Dob on your own. I've given up on hauling my bino to star
parties because it's simply too much of a hassle. </span>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">In
brief, a (big) binoscope is commercially unfeasible. </span>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;"><b>Disclaimer</b></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "nimbus sans l" , sans-serif;">I
have no commercial interests (actually, Mr. Otte has recently
retired) and I live happily on my hilltop under the stars. Therefore
I have no reason to boast the results because I couldn't care less
about what other people think. These are simply my impressions and
thoughts, with my scope and eyes. Hopefully they may be useful to
others. </span>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRLIrDJX4mLEySUm8rdvR2tE9w2oD-wwrQDLCFwK1dfsYmaf9JwDqU7LW1gKBq3EXRs6fAUsHyq0W2D7nfA6ntBRYIeW3jG5AldstnnkztD3Vw8cP0eReRpn_5WIjS6bfRrfDinPY-xe7Y/s1600/NGC1501+%2528binoscope%2529.png"><br />
</a>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<style type="text/css">p { margin-bottom: 0.1in; line-height: 120%; }a:link { }</style>Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-61926760271544110172018-10-11T01:50:00.000-07:002018-10-11T01:50:09.996-07:00Berkeley 4 and open cluster sketching<div style="text-align: justify;">
Loyal readers will have noticed that I've neglected this blog for a bit. The thing is that currently I'm having so many other things on my mind that astronomy sketching had to move into the background. I will keep posting new sketches every now and then, but for the coming months probably not at the pace I used to. Astronomy sketching, at least the way I do it, is an incredibly tedious passtime and apart from the one to several hours at the telescope, each and every single of my sketches involved a couple to many hours behind the pc, sometimes even days. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Take a good look at this sketch of open cluster Berkeley 4 in Cassiopeia (unfortunately Blogger doesn't allow to magnify an image to its real dimensions so it'll be difficult to see). There must be at least 400 to 500 stars on it and none of them were randomly added. They were all observed at the eyepiece, put on paper and redrawn on the computer in an attempt to render the telescope view as realistically as possible. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
This brings me to another argument. I've been using my binoscope for over two years now and I've come to realise that I've been so terribly busy sketching that I've completely forgotten to observe. Yes, when you're sketching you're also observing in a certain sense and perhaps even more intensely so as you're trying to catch every little star or object detail that there is to see. But it's not the same thing. Last week I was standing behind the eyepieces, observing, being so carried away that I didn't feel like sketching anymore. I just wanted to relax and enjoy myself. Sketching has become too much of a race, lately. So I hope that you'll forgive me but for the coming months I'm going to enjoy my telescope a bit more and share a bit less. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Yet, here's Berkeley 4, 10 million years old, a respectable 8.000 light-years away but yet a fabulous object in any telescope or even binoculars. It's slowly falling apart... the gravitational bonds between the many hot giant stars is ruptured by the pull of our galaxy. I think this is a fitting sketch to end a very busy chapter and initiate a more quiet one.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Cheers to all of you!</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqZK_1fjR5d2p-Hy5T7Bfz2Hv3n7TK3HMbx2cUJlEhDkUOghiWUBTe6hP0mqgFaJY889LbNaHe5XpxMtFaunzKRZ8Iy3u3o4X5Yf_lP5YtZRvHEp3UjYhl6_q1bYKOXJAFhsGKdkQUsb25/s1600/Be04+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqZK_1fjR5d2p-Hy5T7Bfz2Hv3n7TK3HMbx2cUJlEhDkUOghiWUBTe6hP0mqgFaJY889LbNaHe5XpxMtFaunzKRZ8Iy3u3o4X5Yf_lP5YtZRvHEp3UjYhl6_q1bYKOXJAFhsGKdkQUsb25/s640/Be04+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-81546730941009398492018-09-13T03:59:00.000-07:002018-09-13T03:59:54.566-07:00Stephan's Quintet<div style="text-align: justify;">
In 1877, the French astronomer Edouard Stephan discovered the first galaxy cluster beyond our own local group. Being a difficult target for small telescopes, this cluster of five galaxies in Pegasus is an astronomer's treat.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Four of the five galaxies you see at the centre of my sketch actually have a physical relationship (catalogued as Hickson Compact Group 92 or Arp 319) and given their closeness and relative speeds they will soon merge with each other. The collision speed of NGC7318b (Cfr. the bottom image with labels), for instance, is so mind-bogglingly huge - we're talking about MILLIONS of km/h! - that it generates a shock wave, similar to sonic boom but travelling through intergalactic gas, that is larger than our Milky Way! The gas is heated up to millions of degrees Centigrade and starts to emit X-rays, so powerful that we can detect them here on Earth, in spite of the 210 to 340 million light-year distance.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
NGC7320, on the other hand, appears to move in a completely different direction and at a much slower speed compared to us. From this we conclude that this galaxy is no part of the group at all and that it is in fact much closer to us (about 39 million light-years). </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Extremely faint and somewhat distant NGC7320c, however, seems to share the same motion of the four group members and in fact a trail of gas and dust has been detected that leads from NGC7319 in its direction. Therefore it is more than likely also a member. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdrC22Ao4NimpDpPBjCTGAWm_RowFFzQiEFaKYWmjKhAJCOHMhTg5yoJ4n23GX33TwY8DoSXkvOMc_8DjD31fcdDWIheWg9RELjkZw2Q5MBIzIp_ABumMwXblCiskmzmrtLxZRmk0n2Q-E/s1600/NGC7317-7318-7319-7320+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdrC22Ao4NimpDpPBjCTGAWm_RowFFzQiEFaKYWmjKhAJCOHMhTg5yoJ4n23GX33TwY8DoSXkvOMc_8DjD31fcdDWIheWg9RELjkZw2Q5MBIzIp_ABumMwXblCiskmzmrtLxZRmk0n2Q-E/s640/NGC7317-7318-7319-7320+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9cQk_8ehPXELco7AcbrWJCG2OUts2ZMbexNT-Vd3j5pzHYT5RB2MJiiYKbpJiVqNADutMDxumwuwf7M8fV0V02ysGetsMQQ77MjREpX39i_NAswFbqpycojsGmdvY6-4U5e1ky91UxjBB/s1600/NGC7317-7318-7319-7320+%2528binoscope%2529+-+with+labels.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9cQk_8ehPXELco7AcbrWJCG2OUts2ZMbexNT-Vd3j5pzHYT5RB2MJiiYKbpJiVqNADutMDxumwuwf7M8fV0V02ysGetsMQQ77MjREpX39i_NAswFbqpycojsGmdvY6-4U5e1ky91UxjBB/s640/NGC7317-7318-7319-7320+%2528binoscope%2529+-+with+labels.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-17576375933509720172018-09-07T03:04:00.001-07:002018-09-07T03:04:17.371-07:00NGC40: a remarkable bow-tie<div style="text-align: justify;">
NGC40, a bright planetary nebula in the constellation of Cepheus, is peculiar in many ways. </div>
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First of all, in a thousand years from now it will almost be near the sky's north pole. Due to a strange wobbling of the Earth's axis, the poles describe a full circle in the sky once every 26,000 years. This phenomenon, which scientists call "precession", has as a consequence that Polaris won't be the North Star for much longer. In fact, 14,000 years ago bright Vega was the closest naked-eye star to the north pole. When the ancient Egyptians built their pyramids, they made a corridor to the North Star so it would shine eternally on the pharaoh's tomb. But at the time that star was Thuban, Alpha Draconis. Polaris has become the North Star for the last thousand years or so and will be closest to the pole in a century from now, after which the pole will move into the obscure constellation of Cepheus... close to our NGC40.</div>
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Second, the "Bow-tie Nebula" has an unusually bright central star. Most central stars of planetary nebulae are "dead" white dwarves, in the sense that they've sloughed off their entire atmosphere and all that remains is an inactive, extremely hot core. The central star of NGC40, on the other hand, still seems to be very much alive and it is classified as a Wolf-Rayet star. Those are stars which were originally so massive that, even after they've shed a large part of their atmosphere, they can still regain some sort of stability and continue fusion in the now exposed core. For this reason NGC40 bares more resemblance to <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2017/02/the-helmet-of-mighty-thor.html" target="_blank">Thor's Helmet</a> and the <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2016/10/suppose-that-gigantic-star-nears-end-of.html" target="_blank">Crescent Nebula</a>, which originated from similar Wolf-Rayet stars. Over time, the white dwarf of an ordinary planetary will cool down and fade. In the case of NGC40, there's no cooling down whatsoever and the star's still radiating at a scorching 90.000°C! Wolf-Rayet stars usually end their lives violently in a supernova explosion, so NGC40 probably hasn't reached its grand finale yet.</div>
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Another odd thing is the nebula itself and, more precisely, its outer rim. With my binoscope (but also with more modest instruments) this bright rim's easily visible. What I also noticed was that it exhibits a flattened shape, rather than being perfectly round or elliptic as one would expect. The flattening is caused because the ejected gas bubble has grown almost a light-year across and has reached interstellar space, where dynamics are different. The rim's having ever greater trouble ploughing through this new medium and its expansion speed has slowed down to "only" 10 km/s. </div>
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Of course you can't see this at the eyepiece of an amateur telescope, but this planetary shows up red in photographs, instead of the usual blue-green. This definitely raises a few eyebrows because with such a hot and active central star you'd expect that the nebula gets excited to much higher temperatures and hence appear bluish. There are a couple of explanations for this. The nebulosity may contain a high level of dust which emits a lot in the infrared. Or more intriguingly, the central star is currently still blowing off mass at an incredible (but typical for WR stars) 1,800 km/s! Much of the star's radiation may therefore be absorbed by the new and rapidly expanding shell of matter. </div>
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Clearly there's still so much to be discovered about this nebula as to become an astronomer's lifetime study. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwJVFs1coqctT23QvcgRxR2fE_xx9b4vgFiJ9BVAljB7T_MyAvoJODD0vZIZD0F5UN3JwNYkvK35AzsP3dDkq64k5TvFukADnyGQIu2Z63YXtF15Kk6esktSon3FDLGPOBQ_A1mzUVdNOO/s1600/NGC40+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwJVFs1coqctT23QvcgRxR2fE_xx9b4vgFiJ9BVAljB7T_MyAvoJODD0vZIZD0F5UN3JwNYkvK35AzsP3dDkq64k5TvFukADnyGQIu2Z63YXtF15Kk6esktSon3FDLGPOBQ_A1mzUVdNOO/s640/NGC40+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-58468963223886372672018-09-02T07:40:00.001-07:002018-09-02T07:40:40.275-07:00NGC6803: More complex than one might think<div style="text-align: justify;">
Not even a degree from <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2018/08/ngc6804-and-its-curious-dust-disk.html" target="_blank">NGC6804</a> resides another planetary nebula. NGC6803 appears much smaller than its neighbour, but this is only because it lies much further away from us (10,000 light-years). This means that amateur telescopes will not reveal much more than an almost stellar-like object. Even with my binoscope at 507x, details were difficult to make out, although I did see its very hot central star (surface temperature 90,000°C!) surrounded by a bright, elliptical shell with two opposite lobes.</div>
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This bright shell is of particular interest because it contains much more elements such as carbon, oxygen and neon than most other planetary nebulae. These unusual abundances suggest that its central star was born in a metal-rich zone in the later stage of galactic evolution. Possibly the nebula's progenitor star could have been a star similar to our Sun but part of a close binary system. The matter exchange between both components, rich in heavier elements as byproducts of nuclear fusion, contributed to the abundances we now observe in the nebula. Comparison with data from 1995 shows that the shell has become much denser over this (astronomically) very brief period and indicates the existence of very complex structures. Obviously much more research needs to be done.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqapK5JnQMzufL-QGTFjBVcl-DF3kw-zLjrayVM-peOoJiPz5pp6tz-4qO0VDuLXoFokaIry_s1mD7HGqjehkY3P8mBx0ZwU2WrGoPM2VXegVdgJ5WiEi8dCqDvPQOj0FsIuxSEUC6_exJ/s1600/NGC6803+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqapK5JnQMzufL-QGTFjBVcl-DF3kw-zLjrayVM-peOoJiPz5pp6tz-4qO0VDuLXoFokaIry_s1mD7HGqjehkY3P8mBx0ZwU2WrGoPM2VXegVdgJ5WiEi8dCqDvPQOj0FsIuxSEUC6_exJ/s640/NGC6803+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-17143775115670076552018-08-30T07:07:00.003-07:002018-08-30T07:07:43.591-07:00NGC6804 and its curious dust disk<div style="text-align: justify;">
NGC6804 is a fairly advanced planetary nebula in the constellation of Aquila, the eagle. In spite of its distance of 4,200 light-years, a high surface brightness makes this nebula an easy target for small to medium telescopes. Its outer shell has reached a diameter of 1.3 light-years and therefore its expansion is slowing down due to the interaction with interstellar space. </div>
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Yet there's more to this fine planetary than its three shells reveal at first sight. Invisible to human eyes, this planetary emits a significant amount of radiation in infrared wavelengths, much like <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2018/07/ngc7008-evidence-of-extrasolar-planets.html" target="_blank">NGC7008</a>. The cause for this is a large dust disk surrounding the white dwarf, probably rubble and debris of a planetary system that once existed but that has died along with its progenitor star. Within the next 5 billion years, also the Earth will follow the same tragic fate.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5jd5etsUis2ZB6ewqqKdGb6wwDxQNyqqrtMA1XAeaRkyaaFnjYtm0GfM554EALrRGFmaqau4A_jGWedecScvY-tKDCzLaHKyeiljb5MXXVz9820_B8u8xqMhvX2pdA3fYXqJ8g9YjN_MY/s1600/NGC6804+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5jd5etsUis2ZB6ewqqKdGb6wwDxQNyqqrtMA1XAeaRkyaaFnjYtm0GfM554EALrRGFmaqau4A_jGWedecScvY-tKDCzLaHKyeiljb5MXXVz9820_B8u8xqMhvX2pdA3fYXqJ8g9YjN_MY/s640/NGC6804+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-13221109521875070822018-08-10T07:32:00.000-07:002018-08-10T07:32:20.391-07:00IC4954/5: Shedding the birth veil<div style="text-align: justify;">
Some six degrees north of the famous <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2017/06/m27-her-royal-majesty-dumbbell-nebula.html" target="_blank">Dumbbell Nebula</a>, at the border between the constellations of Vulpecula and Cygnus, dwells a small star cluster. Roslund 4 is not all that difficult to observe, in spite of its considerable distance of 6,000 light-years, and should already be visible through a three-inch telescope given good sky conditions. </div>
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A bigger challenge is the surrounding nebulosity (IC4954 - IC4955) which reflects the light of the stars in this cluster, born out of it hardly 4 million years ago. The young, hot stars have fired up nuclear fusion at full power and the ensuing radiation, up to 3,000 times solar, is currently blasting the nebula away. The sharp edge where the stellar wind's hitting the nebula actually serves as a very convenient yard stick with which we can measure the expansion speed of the nebula. It is estimated that within the next 6 million years the nebula, still containing about 60 solar masses of matter, will have dissolved completely. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8zNcH_kbY2k9CYHMUVqJGyppU7CpWeDJGNtnjv_IMplFB1QXzPHPwA_JUJ4p8y-FQwUdL9OrUvngJjaWWMnxDWWcgq9OvSGjzjRTUYP_6By8j1HszEJytIWJoa8XTsX8g5Wnkp5gliwPJ/s1600/IC4954-5+-+Ro4+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8zNcH_kbY2k9CYHMUVqJGyppU7CpWeDJGNtnjv_IMplFB1QXzPHPwA_JUJ4p8y-FQwUdL9OrUvngJjaWWMnxDWWcgq9OvSGjzjRTUYP_6By8j1HszEJytIWJoa8XTsX8g5Wnkp5gliwPJ/s640/IC4954-5+-+Ro4+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-24229879908539469812018-08-09T06:10:00.001-07:002018-08-09T06:10:32.585-07:00Mars<div style="text-align: justify;">
The red planet has fascinated mankind since the dawn of civilisation due to its remarkable colour, even when viewed with the naked eye. Therefore it was linked to the ancient gods of war and even today astrologists still attribute strong animal instincts to it such as anger, lust and energy. </div>
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Of course, this is all nonsense.</div>
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Mars's reddish colour derives from the significant iron content of the dust on its surface, which in a very distant past reacted with oxygen. So it would be correct to say that Mars is... rusted. </div>
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For astronomy enthusiasts on Earth, Mars is not an easy planet to observe because the faint details on its surface drown in its significant brightness. It's like looking at a seriously overexposed photograph. Fortunately, looking with both eyes in stead of one reduces this effect and I didn't have a lot of difficulties distinguishing the surprising details you can see on my sketch.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjynaISZ9fHpuEB9CUW98uTolhpJndEvBQcL96R7A3TCFKKM9RXiBb96g-abRlywh3lKLjAI742b8WXvIV-fh4fmjyDndnTcWdcRH7nvCH06kOIU3iN8RvHPAn2CFYoHtbcv2rMeNo9Neb2/s1600/Mars+2018-08-08.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjynaISZ9fHpuEB9CUW98uTolhpJndEvBQcL96R7A3TCFKKM9RXiBb96g-abRlywh3lKLjAI742b8WXvIV-fh4fmjyDndnTcWdcRH7nvCH06kOIU3iN8RvHPAn2CFYoHtbcv2rMeNo9Neb2/s640/Mars+2018-08-08.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-62475951468617623652018-08-06T09:32:00.001-07:002018-08-08T02:20:10.981-07:00Lunar eclipse<div style="text-align: justify;">
A lunar eclipse is always a wonderful event and there's little that I can add to what other, more talented bloggers and writers have said about last month's "blood Moon". Suffice to show you my impression of how my wife and I observed it through my Nexus 100 binoculars at 24x, just when the Moon was about to leave the Earth's shadow...</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpDb4BMY2zijFhVas3Mu_p21tHHiAYSknJDXIDvzcFHZR4chVh-_HvFWrHYaLv1voT1hNM7J1KHy2PnNIPW4p76xayNGWhMhgB3X9S3VRd5VinixbVWN8-UhurbtGkSc01oQprgHm3Wniz/s1600/Lunar+Eclipse+2018-07-27.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpDb4BMY2zijFhVas3Mu_p21tHHiAYSknJDXIDvzcFHZR4chVh-_HvFWrHYaLv1voT1hNM7J1KHy2PnNIPW4p76xayNGWhMhgB3X9S3VRd5VinixbVWN8-UhurbtGkSc01oQprgHm3Wniz/s640/Lunar+Eclipse+2018-07-27.png" width="640" /></a><br />
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Here's the original sketch:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh62QOGWyeswZiyx4dfV6vZIYaJjvcO4ZzB9AqzkDy6UQcZWzPSkMoxjHBZ5jMPww9HePIipSx83UEsp7oQbdd9qPfzeRnSgftFYpv2sArWwByNqzG7f16TRjEjcUiQDbeXWDG1mSUyNNVL/s1600/20180807_134952+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh62QOGWyeswZiyx4dfV6vZIYaJjvcO4ZzB9AqzkDy6UQcZWzPSkMoxjHBZ5jMPww9HePIipSx83UEsp7oQbdd9qPfzeRnSgftFYpv2sArWwByNqzG7f16TRjEjcUiQDbeXWDG1mSUyNNVL/s1600/20180807_134952+copy.jpg" /></a> </div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-46464291730246224432018-07-27T02:43:00.001-07:002018-08-06T12:08:16.082-07:00Berkeley 81: Into the mist of our galaxy<div style="text-align: justify;">
Here we go again... Once more a sketch that'll rank high on the least-popular list because, let's be honest, it almost looks like a blank sheet, apart from a couple of small stray stars. Yes, I know that this won't be the easiest or most spectacular sketch and that Blogger doesn't allow you to open the image real size, but please give it a try. </div>
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No, don't look at the sort of framework of brighter stars that seem to form two parallel lines from top to bottom because they lie a lot closer to us than the object I'm trying to tell you about here. Look at the two stars at the centre and then just below them. Look very carefully; turn off the lights if you have to. Don't you see a small group of incredibly faint stars appearing? I've tried to represent them just as faint as they were for me at the telescope and also I had to glance for a bit before these stars suddenly revealed themselves in the dark grey mist. </div>
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Berkeley 81 is a remote cluster that lies 10,000 light-years away in the direction of our Milky Way's core. With all the dense clouds of dust and gas in the area, it's not surprising that this cluster appears so faint because a lot of its light's being absorbed. It's like looking at a distant light on a foggy night. The cluster's intriguing because of its position and its high age, estimated between 750 million and 1 billion years. Usually galactic star clusters get torn apart quite soon by our Milky Way's gravity, especially when they're so close to the core. Yet, this one's still resisting. Perhaps because it's lying somewhat above the plane of our galaxy? Or because it's not an insignificant cluster, containing about 1,500 solar masses? </div>
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Oh, how I just love these off the beaten track objects... :-)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglSd8xpSvkWPDqyY03MJPWR3glrYBdbQSzo-boWI6i5RGyj9-gPvSuftfHwf5twmzxh0OKyl2QbWI_7pzMrrm-vZsOPLezZKCkCzqOXAdtNDoD6TlsuSX-6ZZIsnIYXpEZb9nbYyxIxbYU/s1600/Be81+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglSd8xpSvkWPDqyY03MJPWR3glrYBdbQSzo-boWI6i5RGyj9-gPvSuftfHwf5twmzxh0OKyl2QbWI_7pzMrrm-vZsOPLezZKCkCzqOXAdtNDoD6TlsuSX-6ZZIsnIYXpEZb9nbYyxIxbYU/s640/Be81+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-21686433357455360962018-07-26T03:21:00.002-07:002018-07-26T03:21:53.709-07:00NGC7026: The cheeseburger<div style="text-align: justify;">
Some 5,700 light-years away in the constellation of Cygnus, the swan, lies this small but highly interesting planetary nebula. At first glance you'll notice its two bright equatorial lobes and the sort of dark lane that runs across it, effectively giving it the appearance of a cheeseburger. </div>
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The progenitor of this nebula is a very hot (80.000°C) white dwarf star in its centre, which was invisible to me at the telescope. This central star was once a star very much like our own Sun, with an estimated mass of 1.1 times solar. Having finished its hydrogen supply long ago and with helium fusion becoming unstable, the star blew off its entire atmosphere merely 1,500 years ago. Since the atmosphere's much thicker at the equator due to centrifugal forces, the gas can't escape as quickly there and builds up in these bright lobes, expanding at 50 km/s. At the poles, on the other hand, the gas blasts away much more easily and reaches speeds of 150 km/s, hence creating the somewhat cylindrical-shaped nebula. Beyond the polar gaps we see several emission knots which are in fact high speed parcels of gas related to the early stage of the nebula's formation and which are flung out at over 180 km/s. </div>
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Scientists theorise that this nebula developed very fast, producing violent shockwaves and instabilities to its environment, unlike more common spherical-shaped planetaries. In a sense this nebula's quite similar to the older and better-known <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2016/12/a-little-butterfly.html" target="_blank">Butterfly (M76)</a> which also exhibits a turbulent, bi-polar structure. Without any doubt the Cheeseburger will eventually evolve along the same lines before disappearing forever within the next ten to fifteen thousand years.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1RJHKl4jN0vqZ8p9zVkXUFReYu0X-mkTq-wgtoHIOy0K27wivuYVd6WhAACpleAKPdP3FmrKQttC1enMjTfYzfTHGSM1OywUzu-MAr6VbUkUBhfhkWHpm8XANvqlZJilkFFDTXE6jzvG6/s1600/NGC7026+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1RJHKl4jN0vqZ8p9zVkXUFReYu0X-mkTq-wgtoHIOy0K27wivuYVd6WhAACpleAKPdP3FmrKQttC1enMjTfYzfTHGSM1OywUzu-MAr6VbUkUBhfhkWHpm8XANvqlZJilkFFDTXE6jzvG6/s640/NGC7026+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-12236663707415951892018-07-24T03:03:00.000-07:002018-07-24T03:03:23.647-07:00NGC7008: Evidence of extrasolar planets<div style="text-align: justify;">
Every planetary nebula, the remnant of a small to medium-sized star, is unique. Just browse through all of my sketches and I'm sure that you'll agree. They all tell a different story and even reveal a lot about the nature of the star system that eventually got destroyed when the central star exhaled its dying breath. </div>
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NGC7008, nicknamed the "Fetus Nebula", is one of my all-time favourites. Just look at its highly irregular structure, which is already obvious through a small telescope. After zooming in with the binoscope I had to pick up my jaw from the ground because I'd never seen anything like this before... and believe me, I've seen quite a few planetaries in my 36 years of being an astronomy enthusiast.</div>
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On either side of the central star there are bright patches of nebulosity. Remember the FLIERs I told you about when discussing <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2018/07/ngc6826-blinking-planetary.html" target="_blank">NGC6826</a>? These are exactly the same but much older and more developed. But obviously there's more... much more. Usually planetary nebulae form a spherical or ellipsoid sort of bubble. Here, the bubble's irregular and even appears ruptured. </div>
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Scientists speculated that the big central star was in fact a binary and that the interaction with this companion disrupted the nebula's formation. More recent observations with the Hubble space telescope revealed dual layers of completely different content in them. Moreover, these layers appear near the edge of the nebula, where it meets the interstellar medium. This makes a companion star highly unlikely. A new theory suggests that the expanding nebula's interacting with planetary debris... bits and bobs of planets that were destroyed during the expulsion of the central star's atmosphere. This would account for the inhomogeneities in the nebula and, if massive enough, rings of matter would be formed that generate the sort of structures we see here when stellar gas crashes into them.</div>
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In short, it seems that this odd-looking nebula is providing us with key evidence that once a complex planetary system existed around the central star. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeJ1xMMlmg96cgssWTgT14IsZC4LN4YwwWQ3d4ntrK9yRrnUXSRrOwip8uRUDiS4KvggqDxCQqKraRsyITHii5XxEs5mNNWN6cg8TaIuLKu7Yjo12MOx_0LRfiHuE7Na-UC9kcYEVkVhPN/s1600/NGC7008+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeJ1xMMlmg96cgssWTgT14IsZC4LN4YwwWQ3d4ntrK9yRrnUXSRrOwip8uRUDiS4KvggqDxCQqKraRsyITHii5XxEs5mNNWN6cg8TaIuLKu7Yjo12MOx_0LRfiHuE7Na-UC9kcYEVkVhPN/s640/NGC7008+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a> </div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-79807940034522038962018-07-23T04:14:00.001-07:002018-07-23T04:14:49.390-07:00NGC6826: The blinking planetary<div style="text-align: justify;">
Visual astronomy is a very subjective matter because the human brain can easily be fooled. I'll be the first to state that my sketches are merely an impression of things that I <i>think</i> I've seen, without claiming any true scientific value. </div>
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A popular example of such optical illusions is this bright planetary nebula in Cygnus, which bears the nickname "Blinking Planetary". The reason for this is that many people report that it seems to fade and reappear very quickly, as if someone's playing games with a light switch. Obviously this is wrong as planetary nebulae generally do not change brightness overnight, let alone in a matter of seconds. The illusion's caused by its very bright central star. When focusing on it with your eye, the surrounding - much fainter - nebula seems to disappear somewhat. When you then turn your gaze away from the star, the nebula reappears. No magic, just our eyes having difficulties adapting to different brightnesses when already observing under unusual (very dark) circumstances. </div>
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What's more interesting though, are the bright patches at the nebula's border, on either side of the central star. Scientists call them "FLIERs" (Fast Low-Ionisation Emission Regions), the origins of which are still not well understood. One theory goes that they're gas that was hurled out from the star about a thousand years ago at supersonic speed, but in that case their bow-shock points in the wrong direction. Another theory suggests that these patches of gas are stationary and that the expanding gas bubble scrapes past them. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFRRjt4PU2WmNgKXvRa0_1ZSQLLJo32hqtEFTkzMz4xdU4lRVvh__Mul_Ywl_9d2rERUqAmoXwTfSc-pjz1YD__lOgu83MF7UJfX1stJj0OB6tSIBsX1bD_2HcIfWBjhpY_Kbh0tY1OQyj/s1600/NGC6826+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFRRjt4PU2WmNgKXvRa0_1ZSQLLJo32hqtEFTkzMz4xdU4lRVvh__Mul_Ywl_9d2rERUqAmoXwTfSc-pjz1YD__lOgu83MF7UJfX1stJj0OB6tSIBsX1bD_2HcIfWBjhpY_Kbh0tY1OQyj/s640/NGC6826+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-35338649205047036232018-07-20T02:27:00.003-07:002018-07-20T02:27:31.614-07:00Kappa Herculis: Not what it seems<div style="text-align: justify;">
Did I already mention that appearances can be very deceiving when looking at the night's sky? Wait until I tell you about Kappa Herculis!</div>
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Kappa Herculis, also known as Marsic, is a fine double star that can easily be separated with small telescopes or even binoculars (separation 27"). Though their measured temperatures are almost identical (4990°K for K Her A and 4650°K for K Her B), most observers - including me - see them as bright yellow and orange. Their luminosities are 170 and 70 Suns respectively and they have radii of 3 and 2,5 times solar. This means that their respective ages are 400 and 700 million years. Nothing out of the ordinary so far... er...</div>
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What did I just say? Two components of a double star that don't share the same age? Highly suspicious! Now, if we measure their distances we find that A lies 388 light-years away from us, whereas B is almost 100 light-years further away! Okay, given the proximity of A, the measured distance to B has a large uncertainty so they still <i>could</i> be near to each other. On the other hand, in the 300 years that this double star has been observed, their separation has diminished from 57" to 27", much more than it should. </div>
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Conclusion: This is no double star but merely an incredible line-of-sight coincidence! </div>
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Yet it does seem that A <i>is </i>a binary star with a small companion an arcminute away, which would be 7,500 times the distance from Earth to the Sun, and with an orbital period of 340,000 years. From A, this tiny companion would shine with the same brightness as Saturn.</div>
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To make things even more confusing, there's also 8 Her, the bright, white star above our "double" on my sketch. It appears that 8 Her is 367 light-years away, more or less the same measured distance as K Her A! Could they be a real pair? Unlikely, since in that case they would be 1.3 light-years apart, too far to maintain a gravitational bond. Their apparent motion across the sky also appears different. </div>
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Even if 8 Her and K Her A are not related, the former doesn't seem to be ordinary as well because it's an extremely fast rotator. It spins at an amazing speed of 259 km/s, only slightly under the limit at which the star would tear itself apart, resulting in a rotational period of 10.3 hours. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijz6gyzNZ4v5UTQABJYzA44JuNCQ3KDgvoVCyq_jmAVdCZItbiAo1qzowksuSdLSc814cERiV56tDhoYCcsQzz_eMpARG_JS11CNp7iALi5yLUF1s6A8z2Oj6v38KteCwdPVYNC3pH5kgh/s1600/Kappa+Herculis+%2528Nexus+100%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijz6gyzNZ4v5UTQABJYzA44JuNCQ3KDgvoVCyq_jmAVdCZItbiAo1qzowksuSdLSc814cERiV56tDhoYCcsQzz_eMpARG_JS11CNp7iALi5yLUF1s6A8z2Oj6v38KteCwdPVYNC3pH5kgh/s640/Kappa+Herculis+%2528Nexus+100%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-17093709813202799112018-07-17T04:38:00.004-07:002018-07-17T04:38:50.297-07:00Video: Comparison between a telescope and binoculars on M20/M21<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/smsO5mKcyH0/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/smsO5mKcyH0?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<br />Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-19422401445422068872018-07-13T07:06:00.001-07:002018-07-13T07:06:33.925-07:00M21: Young and bright<div style="text-align: justify;">
Another pretty and well-known star cluster in Sagittarius is M21, only half a degree away from the famous <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2017/07/m20-fascinating-trifid-nebula.html" target="_blank">Trifid Nebula</a>. Containing only 57 confirmed members, it's not as well populated as <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2018/07/glorious-m23.html" target="_blank">M23</a>, but nevertheless it's a beautiful object in binoculars and small telescopes. As was the case with M23, the binoscope magnifies just a bit too much to frame this cluster nicely and you're almost getting the impression that you're looking though it. Still, it lies 4,200 light-years away from us, double the distance to M23 and in fact not all that far from the Trifid. Therefore most of its stars appear somewhat dim, although a bright blue supergiant, ten times our Sun's diameter and radiating 64,000 times as much energy, stands out centrally. Many cluster members also appear to be close binaries so in reality the total star count should be a bit higher. </div>
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Interesting to note is that this cluster's still extremely young, hardly 4.6 million years old and therefore not much older than the human species. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXEc2eqa9hOccD3ioEnRxP51y1x2BTYD7eTjaneiPc69hTj8_y-ckRHkvD2xYSGzJjHghBuaCuEi5vGlI9FOUEW2pIhxU3abN0ngHX20eD7J1udAZLE5XAXxBRFfdV0cyHknNka6G6hWuw/s1600/M21+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXEc2eqa9hOccD3ioEnRxP51y1x2BTYD7eTjaneiPc69hTj8_y-ckRHkvD2xYSGzJjHghBuaCuEi5vGlI9FOUEW2pIhxU3abN0ngHX20eD7J1udAZLE5XAXxBRFfdV0cyHknNka6G6hWuw/s640/M21+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-4080424459117583042018-07-10T02:34:00.001-07:002018-07-10T02:34:19.229-07:00M23: comparison Nexus 100 binoculars vs. 18" binoscope<div style="text-align: justify;">
A week ago I showed you <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2018/07/glorious-m23.html" target="_blank">M23</a> as seen through an 18" binoscope, commenting that such a large instrument is probably too big for such an extensive object. So A few days later I re-observed this amazingly beautiful star cluster with my Nexus 100 binoculars at 24x. </div>
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I have to tell you that I was somewhat disappointed because appearing so exaggeratively bright in the binoscope, I had expected something more spectacular in the 100mm binoculars. The cluster was, of course, clearly visible at first glance, but it took a while for all the tiny individual stars to reveal themselves and the overall appearance was slightly faint.</div>
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What can I say? I admit that I haven't used the binoculars for over two years, at least not since I got the gigantic binoscope, and therefore my mind's probably got used to quite another level of brightness and detail. It's very easy to get used to larger aperture, but downscaling's a different matter. </div>
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Does this mean that I'll but the Nexus up for sale? NOT IN A MILLION YEARS! It's simply a different kind of observing, a kind that I've neglected for far too long and that I need to take up again some more. Big binoculars are not meant to bring out tiny details or to show you a star cluster scattered across the entire field of view. Contrary to telescopes, they're meant to take you on a sightseeing trip around the heavens, giving you a taste of every splendour that's up there. From M23 I quickly jumped to M20-M21 (nicely in the same field of view of course), then onto M8, M22, M24 (completely in the field of view), M25 and M16-M17 (almost in the same field of view). All of this without hardly having to move from my comfortable chair. That's the difference.</div>
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Anyway, here's my M23 sketch. To the bottom you'll find the sketch I made with the binoscope for comparison.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFGhaxL_UgVoVEVVXZFUaMvwJu4kRvxjBTOObsLugT3Ry-LqEryA3WuXFnqioQgS3nwdE4aDP2qf2K-MN0cYkaGdOCNCzk4nFy2mv9TbOJktGMFD9GRWWFW2rCdo3kS-8qKdEUu2pcf4yp/s1600/M23+%2528Nexus+100%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFGhaxL_UgVoVEVVXZFUaMvwJu4kRvxjBTOObsLugT3Ry-LqEryA3WuXFnqioQgS3nwdE4aDP2qf2K-MN0cYkaGdOCNCzk4nFy2mv9TbOJktGMFD9GRWWFW2rCdo3kS-8qKdEUu2pcf4yp/s640/M23+%2528Nexus+100%2529.png" width="640" /> </a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0D1xfoMk3jE1j32j0YMVws2F_WZmNj0e203fTJujk8McyO7QbWjGJCuom7Zha2PcS5j_Ne4RGxdSF5HnMqhuez0HYBdw4TQ9jSLBBfV5yHiINskPMws8VnBYtV1uV2ZcgK1NKIydn_vaK/s1600/M23+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0D1xfoMk3jE1j32j0YMVws2F_WZmNj0e203fTJujk8McyO7QbWjGJCuom7Zha2PcS5j_Ne4RGxdSF5HnMqhuez0HYBdw4TQ9jSLBBfV5yHiINskPMws8VnBYtV1uV2ZcgK1NKIydn_vaK/s640/M23+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a> </div>
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Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-19802215154109728742018-07-05T06:13:00.001-07:002018-07-05T06:13:38.999-07:00IC4634: not going quietly<div style="text-align: justify;">
I got the question why the heck I'm so passionate about these tiny planetary nebulae. Indeed, most people only see a blurry little dot and what could possibly be interesting about that? Well, most people simply don't look very well. Even though usually bright and easily visible, it takes some time for your eyes to adjust to the image and to discover all possible details. Next time you're looking though a telescope, try staring at this little dot for at least two full minutes, let your eyes move around it, relax, take it all in. Suddenly there will be a point at which you can see more... structures... filaments... </div>
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IC4634 is still a young planetary nebula, hardly a few thousand years old, and unfortunately it lies a respectable 7,500 light-years away. So yes, it looks tiny. This is a real pity because this is a truly spectacular little bugger. The dying central star (which I had difficulty making out) is not ejecting its atmosphere in one big blow, but in puffs whilst it keeps spinning rapidly. The result is that the gaseous shells form expanding waves in different directions. Difficult to see, I know, but it was definitely there. I also had the impression that I could see a faint halo around it, which may be material the star already ejected when it was in the last, unstable phase of its life and which now slowly begins to glow under the tremendous radiation from the remaining stellar core. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhTc0i_GRy6UgdQzMXSKJZsDjYhYO8pKcp9jV0eloyo9XEVlHbfKiEGHQAs90QfqW2mYxsY7a9luTLuX1vZ6sXAUg1IrnUp38Bw-LhQE2OWgNzONsh2i049S1e1z9BvxvReLDLdqZuJ5bz/s1600/IC4634+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhTc0i_GRy6UgdQzMXSKJZsDjYhYO8pKcp9jV0eloyo9XEVlHbfKiEGHQAs90QfqW2mYxsY7a9luTLuX1vZ6sXAUg1IrnUp38Bw-LhQE2OWgNzONsh2i049S1e1z9BvxvReLDLdqZuJ5bz/s640/IC4634+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-37802881668654060732018-07-04T06:49:00.002-07:002018-07-04T06:49:46.413-07:00NGC6507: My cup of tea<div style="text-align: justify;">
A few days ago I showed you brilliant <a href="http://astronomydrawings.blogspot.com/2018/07/glorious-m23.html" target="_blank">M23</a>, an open star cluster in Sagittarius that's a real treat for binoculars and small telescopes. In a large telescope you'll have a hard time trying to fit everything in the telescope's eyepiece and therefore the view will become somewhat less pleasing. Now onto a small cluster in M23's vicinity: NGC6507. There's surprisingly little information to be found about it and that's a real shame because this is the sort of object I (personally) go nuts about. Being over 3,900 light-years away it lies almost twice as far from us as M23 and if it doesn't nearly appear as impressive it's mostly due to its much greater distance. Observe it with a sufficiently large telescope and you'll be surprised about the number of tiny little stars that appear in between the brighter ones. Well... brighter ones... even those are of mag. 11-12. </div>
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Now try to focus on what this cluster's telling you. Look at how its stars are no longer contained in a more or less spherical shape but how they seem to be smeared out somewhat. Clearly, this cluster's already a bit older than M23 (400-450 million years) and the effect of our galaxy's gravity is taking its toll. Its stars are being pulled into a streak along our galaxy's plane and will then disperse to lead their adult lives in solitude. </div>
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Again, the brightest star, towards the bottom-right, lies much closer to us and therefore doesn't belong to the cluster at all. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUa6QkveXdN8W2oSGhVraY82j8Fy7l9eCvph41xQjBKO7iK2vJ5GUeklJrc6qoohe2xr83QEXShhLuBuio2E7z46T4g5sgzWa8uAFn6ylZWEzhtLIBCVBV3I4cq1lVEvM7kG5zDuqfPYiC/s1600/NGC6507+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUa6QkveXdN8W2oSGhVraY82j8Fy7l9eCvph41xQjBKO7iK2vJ5GUeklJrc6qoohe2xr83QEXShhLuBuio2E7z46T4g5sgzWa8uAFn6ylZWEzhtLIBCVBV3I4cq1lVEvM7kG5zDuqfPYiC/s640/NGC6507+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-49953817497876677532018-07-02T03:12:00.001-07:002018-07-02T03:12:05.274-07:00Glorious M23<div style="text-align: justify;">
This may sound a little weird, but sometimes a telescope can be too big. Last night, for example, I observed M23, a bright and rich star cluster which lies 2,100 light-years away in the direction of the centre of our galaxy. The largest true field of view my binoscope can offer is less than a degree across, which is a tight fit for this big and relatively close cluster. The view in binoculars or small telescopes, albeit less bright, will certainly be more pleasing but hey... it wasn't all that bad in my binos after all. </div>
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M23 contains about 150 confirmed members and came into existence some 300 million years ago, making it a not a very young cluster. In spite of its many members, it's now starting to break up slowly, after which all of the individual stars will go their own way. For many of them this journey will not be long because bright blue giant stars lead very short lives. The bigger a star, the faster it will burn its fuel and there are quite a few biggies in M23, some of which are already shutting down hydrogen fusion and are evolving towards red giant status. Through my binoscope on the other hand, most of the stars still appeared bright blue as I've tried to reflect in my sketch.</div>
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Once more I have to inform you that sometimes appearances can be deceiving because the very bright star near the bottom-right border (HR6679) doesn't belong to the cluster at all. Being only 320 light-years away it's a lot closer to us and with its 2.2 solar masses I wouldn't exactly call it a giant.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp1hpv3VoctttFLeR_MhBr1x2a-1LBvB63Z9wzB6saWp5ouCdJeQZIUNGLMQ-_IjASbuuyniemX1QM_QF4VtC7ATnOgAJyvjYokZy_RZSMbwgStBHHGjZg4-Hnp1dSPE-GdgWWV1IjXrTi/s1600/M23+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp1hpv3VoctttFLeR_MhBr1x2a-1LBvB63Z9wzB6saWp5ouCdJeQZIUNGLMQ-_IjASbuuyniemX1QM_QF4VtC7ATnOgAJyvjYokZy_RZSMbwgStBHHGjZg4-Hnp1dSPE-GdgWWV1IjXrTi/s640/M23+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1198238082640102798.post-31949219040848318622018-06-27T03:04:00.003-07:002018-06-27T03:05:00.017-07:00NGC5694: bye bye Milky Way<div style="text-align: justify;">
After last week's spectacle with M80, pointing your telescope at globular cluster NGC5694 can be a bit disappointing. It lies deep in the tail of Hydra, the water snake, and with small to medium-sized telescopes you'll either have to be very lucky or have the eyes of an eagle if you want to resolve any stars in it. Still, NGC5694 is not only bigger but also a lot more interesting than its brighter counterpart in Scorpius. </div>
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The reason for its relative faintness is its distance - a whopping 113,000 light-years, making it one of the most remote known globulars of our Milky Way. Furthermore, its position at the far end of our galaxy implicates that a lot of its light's being absorbed by interstellar dust, making it appear even fainter than it already is. Its extremely low metals content (meaning any substance heavier than hydrogen) makes us conclude that it must be one of the oldest known globular clusters and hence one of the oldest known entities in our Universe. You may recall that globular clusters are usually older than the galaxy they accompany. In the case of NGC5694, its age has been estimated to be no less than 13.4 billion years! If you compare this to the estimated age of our Universe, 13.8 billion years, you'll realise that this cluster and the stars of which it is composed already came into existence shortly after the Big Bang. With "shortly" I mean in astronomical terms of course. </div>
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Now we move on to interesting fact number two. NGC5694's approaching us at the unusually high speed of 144km/s, but relative to our Milky Way's centre it's zooming past at 273km/s. Warp factor 9, Mister Scott! At the cluster's distance from the galactic centre, this is 60% higher than the escape velocity, meaning that NGC5694's definitely leaving our galaxy and will never come back. </div>
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A 1976 study suggests that a high-mass object may have flung NGC5694 into its fast, hyperbolic orbit and that the Magellanic Clouds may have been the culprits. The same study also theorises that this globular may even have belonged to one of these dwarf galaxies after which the tidal forces of our galaxy tore it away.</div>
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So, doesn't all of this make this faint little blob a little bit more interesting than you would have guessed at first sight?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ0npGqNX8W3rD8YLELctpQ1chiBoT7V8r8UnjZAHl26XKhGYrqMxdHY73hgUGuICnAHAGDjV43-rC3eFt5AOH-CYVpD_9wpvOMSufHBTMqPjvatCKFjL45pyhgk-QKkN4FOJHRH7mq8zY/s1600/NGC5694+%2528binoscope%2529.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ0npGqNX8W3rD8YLELctpQ1chiBoT7V8r8UnjZAHl26XKhGYrqMxdHY73hgUGuICnAHAGDjV43-rC3eFt5AOH-CYVpD_9wpvOMSufHBTMqPjvatCKFjL45pyhgk-QKkN4FOJHRH7mq8zY/s640/NGC5694+%2528binoscope%2529.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Astronomy Drawingshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07427530543749628159noreply@blogger.com0